5-HTP is not recommended for people with Down syndrome, as it has been linked to seizures. Also, do not take 5-HTP less than two weeks before surgery as it may interfere with some drugs commonly used during surgical procedures. 5-HTP may interact with other medications as well.

It depends on the individual situation. 5-HTP is converted by the body into serotonin, which affects mood and may be beneficial for depression. GABA is a neurotransmitter that has calming properties, and may be useful for reducing anxiety and improving sleep, which can help with depression

When to Take 5-HTP. The best time to take 5-HTP is before you go to bed, as part of your relaxing sleep routine.

5-HTP supplements increase serotonin levels in your body, which could improve symptoms of depression, especially when used in combination with other antidepressant substances or medications. Nonetheless, more research is needed.

When taken by mouth: It is possibly safe to take 5-HTP in doses of up to 400 mg daily for up to one year. The most common side effects include heartburn, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, sexual problems, and muscle problems. Large doses of 5-HTP, such as 6-10 grams daily, are possibly unsafe.

Choosing between 5-HTP and Ashwagandha depends on the individual's specific needs and health goals. For those with depression related to low serotonin levels, 5-HTP may be more effective. For those with chronic stress, Ashwagandha may be the better choice.

5-HTP has the potential for use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress. As a precursor of 5-HT, 5-HTP treatment is used to reduce depression, anxiety, and panic attacks. 5-HTP is associated with an increase in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and reduces sleep disorder.

5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan) is a chemical by-product of the protein building block L-tryptophan. It is also produced commercially from the seeds of an African plant known as Griffonia simplicifolia 5-HTP is used for sleep disorders such as insomnia, depression, anxiety, migraine and tension-type headaches, fibromyalgia, obesity, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), seizure disorder, and Parkinson's disease..

Yes, the effects of 5-HTP and L-theanine when taken separately can be different. When taken together, they often produce a calming effect, but when taken on their own 5-HTP may produce an energizing effect while L-theanine may produce a more relaxed feeling.

Is 5-HTP Addictive? Research suggests that 5-HTP is not addictive. However, if you use the substance for a long time and then stop, you may experience withdrawal symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and poor mood. These symptoms typically fade within a week.

In side-to-side comparisons, 5-HTP increased the levels of serotonin in the brain as much as many of the most prescribed SSRIs. The test subjects given 5-HTP supplementation also experienced fewer side effects than the SSRI group.

5-HTP dietary supplements help raise serotonin levels in the brain. Since serotonin helps regulate mood and behavior, 5-HTP may have a positive effect on sleep, mood, anxiety, appetite, and pain sensation. 5-HTP is not found in the foods we eat, although tryptophan is found in foods.

The biological half-life of 5-HTP ranged from 2.2 to 7.4 hours, and the plasma clearance ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 1/kg/hour. The bioavailability of 5-HTP after oral administration in combination with carbidopa was calculated as 48% +/- 15 (mean +/- SD).

Although more research is needed, early studies have shown that 5-HTP can help with depression by increasing serotonin levels. Multiple studies have reported that taking 150-3,000 mg of 5-HTP a day for 2-4 weeks may alleviate symptoms of depression.

L-5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a natural chemical in the body that people can also take as a nutritional supplement. The compound is a natural precursor to a neurotransmitter called serotonin, which helps produce “feel-good” chemicals in the brain and body.

Taking 5-HTP in the recommended dosages should actually help you to fall asleep, not keep you awake.

Serotonin has been called the body's natural mood stabilizer. When serotonin levels are out of balance, people can suffer from low energy and “feeling blue.” 5-HTP can help. In fact, some studies have shown that 5-HTP supplementation can be just as effective in some people as traditional antidepressants.

To minimize the potential risks associated with combining alcohol and 5-HTP, it is generally advised to avoid using them together. The simultaneous use of these substances can lead to increased alcohol sensitivity, a higher risk of serotonin syndrome, and potential negative effects on mental health

Known for its ability to promote weight loss, 5-HTP has been shown to reduce appetite. It appears to do this by stimulating serotonin production in the brain. While 5-HTP has not yet been extensively researched, some human and double-blind studies have shown that 5-HTP promotes weight loss.

Honokiol and its derivatives also act as a powerful antioxidant, lowering oxidative stress and in the brain and inflammation throughout the body.

Honokiol is a poly-phenolic compound studied for its neuroprotective properties by a variety of mechanisms. Its therapeutic potential has been researched in anxiety, pain, cerebrovascular injury, epilepsy, and cognitive disorders. It has historically been used in Southeast Asia. Still, it has become more widely studied because of its pleiotropic (secondary and tertiary) effects.

DHH-B supplement has also been researched for its ability to inhibit an overactive adrenal gland, lowering the hormone associated with stress and agitation

DHH-B for anxiety is ever popular. With an increased awareness of the unwanted side effects of benzodiazepines, DHH-B has been used by many to decrease daytime anxiety. This powerful natural anti-anxiety medicine also works well to facilitate sleep.

DHH-B (Dihydrohonokiol-B) is a natural derivative that has been researched for its benefits on mood and anxiolytic effects.

Like other magnolia bark extracts, DHH-B boosts GABA, a neurotransmitter that produces a calming effect. GABA soothes those neural properties that facilitate agitation, turmoil, and upheaval.

Benzodiazepines, are some of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. These anxiolytics have many well-known side effects, including motor function, blurred vision, confusion, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, memory problems, nausea, and many more.

In addition to abuse and dependence, other documented risks associated with benzodiazepine use include:

• Motor vehicle accidents. Driving while on benzodiazepines increases the risk of crashes to about the same as the risk of driving with a blood-alcohol level between 0.050% and 0.079% (1) (more than 0.08% is illegal in all states).
• Hip fracture. When taking benzodiazepines, the risk of hip fracture in older people increases by around 50%(1).

Distinctly different from benzodiazepines, DHH-B causes no effect on motor activity or muscle engagement and has been used to wean patients off benzodiazepines. As such, DHH-B may be a suitable option for people struggling with motor systems side effects of benzodiazepines.

https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0815/p224.html#afp20130815p224-b9

According to studies, DHH-B also activates cannabinoid receptors throughout the body. These receptors have a hand in immune systems, pain relief, and disease prevention, so activation reduces inflammation, relieves pain, and elevates mood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4027495/
Magnolia Extract, Magnolol, and Metabolites: Activation of Cannabinoid CB₂ Receptors and Blockade of the Related GPR55

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33950239/

Used in ancient Asian medicine, the extracts of the magnolia tree’s bark have been touted for their curative and calming effects for centuries. They are now being researched in western culture as well.

DHH-B is approximately 2,000% stronger than the often-mentioned extract, honokiol, for those familiar with magnolia bark extract.

The active ingredients in the extracts have been identified as the bi-phenolic isomers magnolol and honokiol. These compounds were shown to enhance the activity of GABA receptors, consistent with their biological effects.

Extracts from the bark of magnolia have been found to provide protective benefits against numerous neurological problems.

These cover not only brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, but also conditions such asanxiety, mood imbalances, and depression.

In a research involving 40 women aged between 20 and 50, it was discovered that taking 250 mg of a magnolia and phellodendron bark extract three times daily resulted in a substantial reduction in temporary and short-term anxiety compared to a placebo.

Another research of the same magnolia and phellodendron bark extract involving 56 adults found that a daily intake of 500 mg of the extract led to significantly reduced cortisol levels and improved mood.

Cortisol is your body's primary stress hormone. A decrease in cortisol indicates a reduction in overall stress.

However, it's worth noting that the supplement used in these studies included compounds other than just magnolia bark. This suggests that the observed effects cannot be solely attributed to the tree bark.

Lastly, a rodent study showed that a combination of honokiol and magnolol produced antidepressant-like effects, which included an increase in brain serotonin levels and a decrease in corticosterone levels in the blood.

Both corticosterone and serotonin play essential roles in regulating anxiety, mood, and depression.

Avoid using magnolia during pregnancy. 

Glucosamine is a dietary supplement that may support joint health in dogs. Glucosamine is a safe supplement for pups—at high doses, it can cause increased thirst or an upset stomach. Doses for glucosamine are based the specifics of your dog. Talk to your vet for an appropriate dose.

Our joint supplement contains bone broth, made from ground bones with the bone marrow which is high in calcium, very good for bones.

It also contains powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidants which could help as well.

Glucosamine regulates the synthesis of collagen in cartilage and may provide mild anti-inflammatory effects while chondroitin sulfate inhibits destructive enzymes in joint fluid and cartilage

Glucosamine and chondroitin use in canines for osteoarthritis: A review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5356289/

Some dogs may experience side effects from glucosamine, including the following:

• Gastrointestinal upset (especially when first starting glucosamine supplementation)
• Fatigue
• Bloated stomach

Glucosamine can be detected in a dog’s blood for up to 48 hours.
It should be administered daily, because it is rapidly absorbed, highly distributed, and efficiently excreted.

For dogs 100lb's we recommend 3 tablets a day ( 1200mg) to be divided between AM & PM, meaning give 1.5 tablets in morning and 1.5 tablet in evening. Due to the all natural ingredients the tablet crumbles very easily and if your pup doesn't care for the taste, you can crumble it and mix with coconut oil ( which is very healthy for them) or with peanut butter or mix in the food. If you have any questions please contact us any time and we will be happy to assist you and provide additional support.

Our MoxyPets Hip Bone and Joint supplements are good for dogs starting at around 6 months old. If you have a certain breed or large pup, getting him started on glucosamine supplements early on could help prevent the onset of problems and help maintain his bone and joint health. You may want to ask your vet before you start your dog on any supplements.

Our Moxypets Hip Bone & Joint Supplement does not contain any wheat or corn, or any ingredients which may cause an inflammatory response in the system. On the contrary, our joint supplement is packed with some of natures most powerful anti-inflammatory ingredients such as organic turmeric which combined with bioperine increases the absorption of the turmeric by up to 2000%. Our joint supplement also contains yucca which has been known to relieve and reduce symptoms and signs of arthritis. Our formula is designed to have your furry person regain the vitality of a two year old pup!

Glucosamine is more of a food supplement than a drug, so it's only in very rare cases when a dog consumes extreme amounts of glucosamine that a toxic overdose would occur. Most likely, your dog would experience some vomiting and/or diarrhea, with no lasting side effects.

Even if you’re giving the right dosage in supplements to your dog, they may be getting additional glucosamine from other sources. For example, some brands of kibble contain glucosamine. While a little bit won’t make much of a difference, too much kibble will not only make them overweight but could lead to extra glucosamine in their body. Again, the chances of this being dangerous are extremely slim, but it’s important for optimal effectiveness that they receive the correct dosage.

Another possible way your dog could be getting extra glucosamine is from natural food sources. However, you would know if this was the case, as you would be feeding them raw foods such as chicken feet, oxtails, or shellfish shells. These raw foods are great sources of glucosamine that is very easily absorbed by your dog’s body, but it can be tough to provide these foods to your pup every day, which is why most pet parents choose supplements.

It may take a few weeks to a few months for your dog to experience the full effects and gradual improvements associated with taking a glucosamine supplement

Veterinarians commonly recommend glucosamine and chondroitin for treating osteoarthritis in canines despite the lack of compelling scientific evidence demonstrating clinical benefit.
Clinical trials to date have used different products, salt forms, doses, and dosing regimens such that comparing the results to draw meaningful conclusions about therapeutic efficacy is difficult (Addleman, 2010). In addition, pharmacists are often approached by pet owners with questions about the use of over-the-counter natural products in pets due to the availability of these products in pharmacies.

In general, there are very minimal side effects to liposomal vitamin C as it is difficult to overdose on Vitamin C considering the upper limit is 2,000 mg per day. This is almost impossible to get through food alone and is mainly worth taking into consideration if you are supplementing.

Typically, liposomal vitamin C is thought to be 5-10 times more bioavailable (taken up by the body’s cells) compared to traditional vitamin C supplements.  This means that you can achieve optimal results with a smaller dose.

You can take it at any time of day with or without food.  It’s best to drink a glass of water as you take the Liposomal vitamin C.

A recommended dose of 1-1.5g/1000-1500mg of Liposomal vitamin C per day

Liposomal Vitamin C is a type of Vitamin C that is better absorbed by the body than regular Vitamin C.
Liposomes are tiny, nano-sized bubbles that mimic the body's own cell membranes.
By protecting and helping Vitamin C travel through the body, liposomes aid and speed absorption.

There are two main reasons for this:

1) our digestive system breaks it down and destroys it in our gut or intestine

2) it’s a water-soluble vitamin so even if it gets past our gut and reaches our cells, it can’t ‘get in’ because it’s incompatible with the fat-based membrane of our cells

For Vitamin C to reach our body’s cells, it must be protected from the digestive system’s juices and ‘presented’ in a fat-friendly form that can pass through our cell membranes.

This can be done by encasing the vitamin C in a protective bubble of fat-based liposomes which will safely pass through the digestive system undamaged. Then, when they reach the body’s cells, they successfully move through the fat-based cell membrane to arrive inside the cells ready to work.

The results of the clinical studies of liposomal vitamin C by oral delivery to be 1.77 times more bioavailable than non-liposomal vitamin C. The liposomal vitamin C demonstrated higher values of C_max, AUC_0-t and AUC_0-∞ related to non-liposomal vitamin C due to liposomal encapsulation.

Evaluation and clinical comparison studies on liposomal and non-liposomal ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and their enhanced bioavailability
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32901526/

Vitamin C can promote good health in several ways by:

• Supporting the immune system
• Reducing tiredness and fatigue
• Helping the nervous system function normally
• Helping the body mitigate and fight off the symptoms of viral infections such as the common cold and ‘flu
• Stimulating the production of infection-fighting white blood cells
• contains powerful antioxidant properties and helps protect against free radical damagehelps healthy brain function and cognition
• cardiovascular and heart health, adrenal, blood circulation & mood
• helps bone density, helps decrease muscle soreness, collagen booster, skin
• helps increase absorption of calcium & iron.

Virtually all our cells depend on vitamin C to some extent: it really is a vital nutrient for optimum health.  And if we’re stressed or unwell, this can deplete our stores even further, so we really have to be vigilant and take vitamin C each day.

Multivitamin supplements fall into two main categories: whole food and synthetic. Both contain nutrients that can supplement your diet. The distinction lies in the fact that the nutrients in synthetic supplements are artificially produced. This can make it more challenging for your body to recognize and process these nutrients because they differ from what you regularly consume.

Whole food multivitamins are nutritional supplements that provide a concentrated version of the nutrients found in fruits, vegetables, and eggs. Due to their natural ingredients, your body can more easily absorb the contents of these supplements and enjoy their benefits.

Multivitamin supplements fall into two main categories: whole food and synthetic. Both contain nutrients that can supplement your diet. The distinction lies in the fact that the nutrients in synthetic supplements are artificially produced. This can make it more challenging for your body to recognize and process these nutrients because they differ from what you regularly consume.

Whole food multivitamins are nutritional supplements that provide a concentrated version of the nutrients found in fruits, vegetables, and eggs. Due to their natural ingredients, your body can more easily absorb the contents of these supplements and enjoy their benefits.

Whole food multivitamins are an excellent choice, offering natural nutrition similar to what you get from food. By using whole food supplements, you can experience a range of health benefits.

While people used to obtain the necessary vitamins and minerals from their diets, the modern Western diet often lacks essential fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, leading to potential nutritional deficiencies.

Processed foods, simple carbohydrates, and unhealthy fats are prevalent in the Western diet, resulting in many individuals not receiving adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals from their food.

This can lead to nutritional deficiencies despite consuming enough calories. Common deficiencies in the United States include vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, iodine, vitamin A, and magnesium, affecting a significant portion of the population.

To address these deficiencies and fill nutritional gaps, some people turn to multivitamins. In addition to addressing potential deficiencies, multivitamins can also offer the following benefits:

- Reduced risk of certain types of cancers caused by nutritional deficiencies
- Lower risk of heart attacks and death from heart disease
- Decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration in older adults
- Improved memory in older adults

The organic zinc drops provide numerous health benefits, such as supporting immune function, helps to maintain skin health, and much more.

Additionally, the Organic Zinc drops help support male sexual health and support the immune system to you remain healthy.

• Treats zinc deficiency. Zinc supplements are often used to help treat and prevent zinc deficiency. ...
• May improve immune function. ...
• May promote blood sugar management. ...
• Helps fight acne. ...
• May improve heart health. ...
• Slows macular degeneration.

What type of zinc should I take for acne?

A dose of between 80 to 140 mg elemental zinc is recommended for the treatment of acne. The RDI (recommended daily intake) ranges from 10 to 15 mg. Some studies have shown that zinc sulphate is the most effective type of zinc supplement for the management of acne. Higher doses can cause side effects such as abdominal upset. 

Nootropics are substances used to enhance brain functions like memory, mental focus, motivation, and creativity (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27656235/).

PQQ supplements are manufactured via a unique bacterial fermentation process. The PQQ is harvested from certain bacteria that naturally produce this compound as a byproduct of their metabolism (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080885049002142).

May help lower inflammation

Early research indicates that PQQ has anti-inflammatory effects. In turn, these properties may reduce your risk of various inflammatory ailments.

One animal study found that mice given PQQ had significantly less inflammatory damage to brain tissue, compared with the control group (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25314304/).

In another study in obese mice treated with PQQ during pregnancy and lactation, their offspring exhibited significantly fewer inflammatory markers in liver tissue and were less likely to express inflammatory genes than the offspring of mice that didn’t get PQQ (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28007783/).

One small, 3-day study in 10 people evaluated the effects of taking a daily PQQ supplement on common markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and blood sugar and cholesterol levels (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24231099/).

CRP and IL-6 levels dropped significantly, but no meaningful changes in cholesterol or blood sugar occurred (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24231099/).

May improve mitochondrial function

Recent research on PQQ largely focuses on its mitochondrial effects.

Mitochondria are responsible for producing the energy that your cells require to stay healthy and function optimally. Poor mitochondrial health is implicated in a variety of common conditions, including mental decline, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29163365/).

Experts note that enhanced mitochondrial health may be behind many of the broad health claims associated with PQQ, such as improved memory, energy, and sleep.

Several test-tube and animal studies indicate that PQQ increases cellular mitochondria production via several complex pathways, (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29185343/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19861415/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26646764/).

Still, a small, 8-week study in 17 people found that taking 20 mg of PQQ daily resulted in significant self-reported improvements in sleep quality and fatigue (https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/81/175). The study authors noted that these effects may have been due to PQQ’s influence on mitochondrial health.

Mitochondria are specialized structures inside your cells that are responsible for producing energy from the foods you eat.
PQQ supports proper mitochondrial function and the cellular development of new mitochondria.
PQQ’s exact function in humans remains somewhat undetermined, but it’s renowned for its potent antioxidant effects. It’s also thought to be involved in a variety of cellular processes, including protecting nerve cells against damage

A series of clinical studies suggest that BioPQQ supports cognitive health by promoting nerve growth factor in the brain as well as the creation of mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells that are critical to brain and heart functioning.

Interest in supplements to support brain health has risen dramatically in recent years. It’s not only older populations who are interested in maintaining brain health. Increasingly, younger consumers are seeking greater mental focus and acuity to keep up with today’s fast-paced lifestyle.

All-natural BioPQQ® is manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical 

Quercetin and bromelain have several health benefits for women, including:

• Quercetin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that might help reduce swelling, kill cancer cells, control blood sugar, and help prevent heart disease.
• Bromelain is a highly effective anti-inflammatory that can help to relieve joint and connective tissue pain, and reduce C-reactive protein, the inflammation marker.
• Bromelain magnifies the efficacy of quercetin.
• Quercetin has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, immunomodulatory, and cardio-protective actions.
• Bromelain reduces inflammation in women suffering from endometriosis and even shrinks the size and number of cysts

One small study examined quercetin's possible effects on inflammation, disease severity, and symptoms in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The trial included 50 individuals who were sorted into a quercetin supplementation group or a placebo group for eight weeks. Quercetin users took 500 milligrams (mg) daily.

After eight weeks, those who received quercetin reported significantly reduced early morning stiffness, morning pain, and after-activity pain, according to the results. Quercetin users also had reduced markers of inflammation compared to those in the placebo group.

The effect of quercetin on inflammatory factors and clinical symptoms in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. 
Javadi F, Ahmadzadeh A, Eghtesadi S, et al. 
J Am Coll Nutr. 2017;36(1):9-15. doi:10.1080/07315724.2016.1140093

Quercetin functions on an antioxidant level to reduce damage and irritation caused by free radicals while suppressing your histamine response – the body's reaction to allergens. Bromelain functions on an enzymatic and protein level by limiting the action of metabolites and neutrophils in the inflammatory process.
The combination of quercetin with bromelain has anti-inflammatory actions that counteract the physiological stressors on athletes' bodies. Research indicates that quercetin is also a potent antioxidant that scavenges free radicals to reduce tissue and DNA damage, especially for endurance athletes.

A diet rich in quercetin has various health-promoting benefits. It acts as an agent to lower coagulation, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and hypertension. Various clinical studies show that supplementation of quercetin is used to prevent and treat various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders.

Health Benefits of Quercetin in Age-Related Diseases, Deepika and Pawan Kumar Maurya.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032170/

Spore-based probiotics are recommended for a wide range of people, especially those dealing with:

• Leaky gut syndrome
• Digestive discomfort like bloating, gas, or constipation
• Chronic inflammation & unresolved pain
• Frequent joint and soft tissue injuries
• Autoimmune conditions
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Frequent illness or weakened immunity

Because spore-based probiotics can survive the harsh environment of the stomach and intestines, they are effective for almost anyone looking to boost their gut health and improve overall wellness.

• Survival Through Stomach Acid
  Spore-based probiotics have a tough outer shell that protects them from stomach acid and digestive enzymes. This allows them to survive the journey through your digestive system and reach your intestines intact, where they can begin colonizing and promoting a healthy gut environment. 

• Stability Without Refrigeration
  Spore-based probiotics are shelf-stable and don’t require refrigeration, making them much more convenient to store and travel with. This stability also ensures that you’re getting the full potency of the probiotic with every dose, unlike traditional probiotics that can lose their potency if not properly stored.

• Powerful Gut Health Benefits
  Spore-based probiotics don’t just support digestion—they also help balance your immune system, reduce gut inflammation, and support the healing of the gut lining. This makes them particularly useful for conditions like leaky gut syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and other digestive issues. By creating a balanced environment in the gut, spore-based probiotics promote overall health and reduce systemic inflammation.

• Antioxidant Production
  A unique feature of Spore Probiotic is its ability to produce antioxidants directly in the gut. Antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, which is linked to inflammation and many chronic diseases. By producing antioxidants right where they’re needed, spore-based probiotics offer a powerful way to boost overall wellness.

Spore-based probiotics are a specific type of probiotic that come in a protective spore form, allowing them to survive the harsh conditions of your digestive tract.

Unlike traditional probiotics that often die off before they reach your intestines, spore-based probiotics are designed to withstand stomach acid, heat, and other environmental challenges.

Once they reach your gut, these spores activate and begin to colonize, helping to balance your microbiome and improve gut health.

Probiotics are bacteria that benefit your child’s gut health. You can support your child’s gut health by including foods that contain probiotics in your family’s diet. Foods containing probiotics are also naturally full of enzymes, minerals, and vitamins. You can make many of these foods at home.

• Increases helpful bacteria by replacing bacteria lost due to antibiotics, illness, and poor diet.
• Increases ability to fight infections by strengthening the lining of the intestine and the immune system.
• Reduces harmful bacteria by creating an acidic environment and releasing chemicals that destroy them.
• Produces vitamins and helps body absorb minerals.
• Decreases inflammation and protects against allergies and chronic diseases.
• Improves bowel movements by adding bulk and decreasing bacteria that cause diarrhea.

• Probiotics are found in fermented foods, which are also called cultured foods.
• Fermentation of vegetables often involves adding salt, so fermented foods can be a great source of flavor in small amounts.
• High temperatures kill the bacteria, so avoid excessive heating. (Warm not hot)
  • Pasteurization of dairy products uses heat to kill bacteria, but probiotics are often added back later.
  • Canning uses heat to kill bacteria, so choose pickles in the refrigerated-foods section. In each case, look for “live active cultures” on food labels.
• Try to eat a variety of these foods. Different types of fermented foods provide different strains of bacteria.
• You can learn to ferment foods safely at home. This is usually less expensive than buying them and allows you to adjust the flavor to what your child prefers.

Here are some fermented foods that naturally contain probiotics, and some ways to try them with your family.

• Yogurt and kefir (milk or non-dairy based, such as soy, coconut, and water)
  • Add yogurt/kefir cream to smoothies and homemade popsicles.
  • Use in recipes when milk is used.
  • Kefir juices are a good way to start for someone who likes juice and seltzer.
  • Frozen yogurt does not provide probiotics.
• Sauerkraut, kimchi, pickles
  • Look for “live active cultures” or use homemade.
  • Add juice from fermented vegetables to soup and dressings.
  • Add to sandwiches, salads, and other meals for crunch, color, and flavor.
  • Mix sauerkraut with shredded apples.
• Miso, tamari (soy)
  • Add salty taste to soups (after cooking) and dressings.
• Tempeh (soy)
  • Steam chunks or crumbles, then marinate and use in place of meat in pasta sauce, barbecue sauce, pot pies, and other dishes.
• Kombucha
  • Fermented tea.
• Sour cream, cottage cheese, aged cheese
  • Look for “live active cultures” or use homemade fermented dairy foods.
  • Top vegetables with sour cream or aged cheese.
  • Top cottage cheese with fresh fruit.
• Buttermilk, acidophilus milk
  • Use in place of milk in recipes.
  • Make ice cream.
  • Make tangy, creamy dressings like Caesar and ranch.

People with vitamin B deficiency may experience: fatigue, weakness or a general lack of energy numbness or tingling in their hands and feet weakened muscles and slow reflexes, shakiness, when walking or difficulty keeping balance More severe symptoms include confusion, a loss of memory, depression and dementia.

thiamin (B1)

riboflavin (B2)

niacin (B3)

pantothenic acid (B5)

pyridoxine (B6)

biotin (B7)

folate or 'folic acid' when included in supplements (B9)

cyanocobalamin (B12).

Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in one or more of this group of vitamins, and that, in the absence of an optimal diet, administration of the entire B-vitamin group, rather than a small sub-set, at doses greatly in excess of the current governmental recommendations, would be a rational approach for preserving brain health.

B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy-A Review, David O. Kennedy

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772032/

Although dietary B vitamins are generally absorbed through the small intestine, bacterial B vitamins are produced and absorbed mainly through the colon (1), indicating that dietary and gut microbiota-derived B vitamins are possibly handled differently by the human body.

Said HM. Intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins in health and disease. Biochem J. (2011) 437:357-72. 10.1042/BJ20110326

Vitamins are micronutrients that have physiological effects on various biological responses, including host immunity. Therefore, vitamin deficiency leads to increased risk of developing infectious, allergic, and inflammatory diseases. Since B vitamins are synthesized by plants, yeasts, and bacteria, but not by mammals, mammals must acquire B vitamins from dietary or microbial sources, such as the intestinal microbiota. Similarly, some intestinal bacteria are unable to synthesize B vitamins and must acquire them from the host diet or from other intestinal bacteria for their growth and survival. This suggests that the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota may affect host B vitamin usage and, by extension, host immunity. Here, we review the immunological functions of B vitamins and their metabolism by intestinal bacteria with respect to the control of host immunity.

Metabolism of Dietary and Microbial Vitamin B Family in the Regulation of Host Immunity.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6478888/#B11

The B-vitamins comprise a group of eight water soluble vitamins that perform essential, closely inter-related roles in cellular functioning, acting as co-enzymes in a vast array of catabolic and anabolic enzymatic reactions. Their collective effects are particularly prevalent to numerous aspects of brain function, including energy production, DNA/RNA synthesis/repair, genomic and non-genomic methylation, and the synthesis of numerous neurochemicals and signaling molecules. However, human epidemiological and controlled trial investigations, and the resultant scientific commentary, have focused almost exclusively on the small sub-set of vitamins (B9/B12/B6) that are the most prominent (but not the exclusive) B-vitamins involved in homocysteine metabolism. Scant regard has been paid to the other B vitamins. This review describes the closely inter-related functions of the eight B-vitamins and marshals evidence suggesting that adequate levels of all members of this group of micronutrients are essential for optimal physiological and neurological functioning. Furthermore, evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in one or more of this group of vitamins, and that, in the absence of an optimal diet, administration of the entire B-vitamin group, rather than a small sub-set, at doses greatly in excess of the current governmental recommendations, would be a rational approach for preserving brain health.

B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy, A Review

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772032/

A study in 60 adults with depression showed that treatment with a vitamin B complex for 60 days led to significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms, compared with a placebo. B vitamins may also enhance treatment response when given in combination with antidepressant medication. The Effect of Methylated Vitamin B Complex on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Quality of Life in Adults with Depression.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658370/

Promotes Healthy Aging: As we grow older, our bodies require more nutrients, but it becomes more challenging for the body to absorb them. Additionally, medications can deplete our nutrient levels. Taking a multivitamin can help counteract these deficiencies.
Supports Heart Health: Research indicates that a high-quality multivitamin may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. Vitamins B1, B2, B6, K1, Niacin (B3), CoQ10, and magnesium all contribute to cardiovascular health.
Reduces Cancer Risk: Studies have linked vitamin use to a decreased risk of certain cancers. In fact, a study of 14,000 men aged 50 and older found that daily multivitamin supplementation significantly reduced the risk of total cancer.
Boosts Immunity: Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant known for strengthening the immune system, while vitamins D and E also support immunity and can help alleviate allergy symptoms.
Supports Eye Health: Vitamins A, C, E, Niacin (B3), and selenium promote eye health, and lutein and zeaxanthin protect the eyes from harmful light waves. Research has shown that multivitamins containing these vitamins and nutrients can reduce the risk of macular degeneration.
Water-Soluble Vitamins: Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, which are stored in the body, water-soluble vitamins (B and C) are not stored and are excreted from the body. Therefore, it is important to consume these essential vitamins daily.
Promotes Healthy Hair and Skin: Recent studies suggest that vitamins B3 (Niacin), biotin, and Vitamin C contribute to fuller hair, while vitamins A, C, E, and CoQ10 support healthy skin.
Enhances Well-Being: Multivitamins, particularly those containing Vitamin B, are associated with increased energy levels, improved well-being, and reduced stress and anxiety, making it worthwhile to maintain a multivitamin routine.

Omega 3 fish oil, Vitamin D, and Magnesium are three essential vitamins that can improve overall health and well-being. Omega 3 fish oil can improve brain function and reduce inflammation, Vitamin D can support bone health and boost immune function, and magnesium can support muscle and nerve function and reduce stress and anxiety. While these vitamins can be found in certain foods, taking a supplement can ensure that you are getting enough to meet your individual needs. Remember, it is important to talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement regimen.

Calder PC. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man. Biochem Soc Trans. 2017;45(5):1105-1115. Holick MF.
The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: a forgotten hormone important for health. Public Health Rev. 2010;32(1):267-283. Volpe SL.
Magnesium in disease prevention and overall health. Adv Nutr. 2013;4(3):378S-383S. Chinni V, Uppaluri KR.
Vitamin D Deficiency. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Grosso G, Galvano F, Marventano S, et al.
Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: scientific evidence and biological mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014.

Consider the following supplements:

Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) - Research suggests that it may help prevent Alzheimer's disease, depression, and heart disease. It is recommended for women who are pregnant or planning to get pregnant to prevent birth defects.

Calcium - It is taken to strengthen bones, especially for those who consume little or no calcium-rich foods.

Iron - Anemia, or low blood levels of iron, is more common with age. It is recommended for people with diagnosed iron-deficiency anemia.

Vitamin E - Some believe it can help prevent cancer, dementia, and heart disease.

Additionally, consider the following supplements:

Vitamin D - Consider if you've been diagnosed with osteoporosis, get little sunlight, or rarely consume D-rich foods.

AREDS2 (a blend of vitamins C and E, copper, lutein, zeaxanthin, and zinc) - Consider if you have age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss.

Vitamin B12 - Consider if you're a strict vegan, or if you regularly take certain kinds of heartburn drugs or metformin, a diabetes medication.

While it's always advisable to seek personalized advice from a healthcare professional, here are some considerations to keep in mind:

• Nutritional Support: As women age, their nutritional requirements may change due to factors such as hormonal changes, reduced absorption of certain nutrients, and lifestyle factors. A multivitamin supplement can help address potential nutrient deficiencies and provide essential vitamins and minerals necessary for overall health and well-being.
• Bone Health: Women over forty are at a higher risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Some multivitamin supplements may contain calcium, vitamin D, and other nutrients that support bone health and reduce the risk of fractures. However, additional calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be necessary based on individual needs and bone health status.
• Heart Health: Cardiovascular disease becomes a significant concern for women as they age. Certain multivitamin formulations may include nutrients like vitamin B, vitamin E, and omega-3 fatty acids, which have been linked to heart health benefits. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of multivitamins in preventing heart disease is mixed, and lifestyle factors such as a balanced diet and regular exercise remain crucial for heart health.

In summary, multivitamin supplements can potentially provide nutritional support for women over forty by addressing nutrient gaps and supporting specific health concerns such as bone health and energy levels. However, individual needs and circumstances vary, and it's important to seek guidance from a healthcare professional to determine the best approach to meeting specific nutritional requirements.